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Recently, microminiaturization and integration of
the chemical system have been receiving the international attention.
By the extreme reduction of the measurement time, the quantities
of samples or wastes, and experimental space, moreover the promotion
of measurementefficiency and its portability, it is assumed that
on-demand or on-site chemical processes will be established. The
technology integrates and microminiaturizes the chemical process
on a glass chip just like the same concept of semiconductor integrated
circuit.
By a glass chip with channels of 10's to 100's micrometer depth
integrates the chemical processes such as mixing, reaction, separation,
and detection can be integrated in a microspace.
Characteristics of the liquid microspace are that; |
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1
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the
narrow space:
Diffusible space or migration area of the molecules is shortened
in the liquid miceospace, and the reaction timeis therefore
reduced. Diffusion time (reaction time) can be extremely shortened
by narrowing down the space due to the fact that the diffusion
time (reactiontime) is proportional to the square of diffusion
distance. |
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2
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the
large interface:
The internal surface area of the flow channel is large compare
to the volume of the samples. |
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3
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the
small calorific capacity:
Rapid
heating and cooling are possible because of the small calorific
capacity of the liquid microspace. |
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| It is possible to create a super effective system
by the integration of the experimental processes which could be
advanced by the features mentioned above. Furthermore, the microchemistry
can revolutionary lead an novel technology in a field of chemical
engineering or industry such as a chemical plant. |
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| Size effect |
| Size --- 1/100 |
Diffusion time --- 1/10,000
Reaction time of diffusion controlled reaction
Time of molecular transportation |
Volume --- 1/1,000,000
Required space,reagents and waste. |
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| Experiments |
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